![]() ![]() Problematic exposure is known to occur among workers who handle chromate-containing products and those who grind and/ or weld stainless steel. Workers in many occupations are exposed to hexavalent chromium. Positive associations have also been observed between exposure to chromium (VI) compounds and cancer of the nose and nasal sinuses. Toxicity Īll hexavalent chromium compounds can be carcinogens ( IARC Group 1), especially if airborne and inhaled where they can cause lung cancer. Hexavalent chromium can also be found in drinking water and public water systems. ![]() ![]() In these situations the chromium is not originally hexavalent, but the high temperatures involved in the process result in oxidation that converts the chromium to a hexavalent state. Hexavalent chromium can be formed when performing "hot work" such as welding on stainless steel or melting chromium metal. Industrial uses of hexavalent chromium compounds include chromate pigments in dyes, paints, inks, and plastics chromates added as anticorrosive agents to paints, primers, and other surface coatings and chromic acid electroplated onto metal parts to provide a decorative or protective coating. Sodium chromate is converted into other hexavalent chromium compounds such as chromium trioxide and various salts of chromate and dichromate. Virtually all chromium ore is processed via the formation of hexavalent chromium, specifically the salt sodium dichromate. Hexavalent chromium compounds can be carcinogens ( IARC Group 1), especially if airborne and inhaled where they cause lung cancer. Approximately 136,000 tonnes (150,000 tons) of hexavalent chromium were produced in 1985. Hexavalent chromium is key to all materials made from chromium. Hexavalent chromium ( chromium(VI), Cr(VI), chromium 6) is chromium in any chemical compound that contains the element in the +6 oxidation state (thus hexavalent). Chromium in the +6 oxidation state The most common chromium(VI) compound: sodium chromate ![]()
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